Notes: – sociological theory, a set of interrelated ideas that provide a systematic understanding of the social world.
-macro sociology, a level of analysis focusing on social systems and populations on a large scale.
-micro sociology, a level of analysis focusing on individuals and small groups within the larger social system
two classes according to Karl Marx:-proletariat, the majority, who were the poor, property-less industrial working class,
-bourgeois, the small minority who were the wealthy class
conflict theory, a sociological perspective emphasizing the role of political and economic power and oppression as contributing to the existing social order.
Durkheim\\\’s theory
functionalist theory, a macro view of how the parts of society serve to maintain stability
manifest functions, intentional and formally sanctioned functions of social institutions and society.
Latent functions, unintentional and informally sanctioned functions of social institutions and society
dysfunction, the undesirable disruptions of social patterns resulting in negative consequences within society
Mead theory
socialized self, which states that the self cannot develop apart from society
symbolic interaction, a micro view of how society is the product of interactions between people, which occur via symbols that have distinct meanings
social facts — social patterns that are external to individuals and greatly influence our way of thinking and behaving in society.
verstehen (vûrst e hen), an empathetic approach to understanding human behavior, loosely translated as understanding or interpretation.
feminist theory, a view on anti-oppression, gender relations, and gender inequality,
applied sociology, the use of sociological theory, research, and methodologies to find solutions to problems in society.
postmodern social theory, a critical view rejecting the historical, scientific, and structured means of investigating and interpreting the social world.
rationalization of society, the replacement of traditional values and personal connections with bureaucracy, efficiency, and a means-end approach.
bureaucracy — a hierarchical authority structure that uses task specialization, operates on the merit principle, and behaves with impersonality