Culture: society\’s socially learned ideas
Material culture: physical artifacts w/ cultural meaning
Nonmaterial culture: ideas representing components of society
Ideal culture: values a society claims to believe
Real culture: actual behavior of members of a society
Sapir-Wholf theory: people view society through the framework of language
Infractions:
Sanctions: a punishment or reward that supports socially approved norms
Technological determinism: idea that society\’s technology drives development of its social structures
– technology drives social progress
Values: collective ideas about what is desirable in society
Sustainable development: meets the needs of the present w/o compromising that ability of future generations to meet their own needs
Folkways: informal and common norms that guide everyday behavior
– EX: do not eat sign
Mores: informal norms based on moral factors
– EX: jewish individuals judging non-jews for eating pork
Laws: formal rules enforced by the state
Taboos: formal norms that cause social disapproval is violated
Sanctions: punishments that support socially approved norms
Cultural transmission: culture is passed through generations
Dominant ideology: beliefs of the majority
Cultural imperialism: influence and power of one country\’s culture on a country due to importing goods and services
Subcultures: groups w/ distinct set of characteristics shared by a minority of people in society
– EX: gamers, amish
Countercultures: subculture groups in opposition w/ majority of members of society
– wants to change the whole of society
– EX: KKK
Social facts: material and nonmaterial aspects of society that are outside us but greatly influence ur way of thinking in society
Ethnocentrism: judging another culture by one\\\’s own standards
Cultural relativism: understanding another culture from its standards
Cultural diffusion: spread of norms, values, knowledge, and symbols from one society to another
– EX:
Cultural lag: technological development and progress outpace current norms
– material aspects are happening faster than its nonmaterial aspects
Cultural leveling: cultures become similar due to media and globalization
High culture: characteristics of the elite