Notes:
4.1.1
-Socialization: The process by which individuals learn the appropriate attitudes and behaviors within a culture.
-At the micro level, the focus is on the self, an individual’s nature and identity resulting from reflections on social interactions.
–At the macro level, social institutions such as the family, religion, and school are influential in the socialization process.
–Were you born with your personhood intact (nature), or was it gradually formed through your social interactions with your parents, teachers, and friends (nurture).
4.1.2
-Mead divided the self into the “I,” the unsocialized or acting self, made up of personal desires and needs
-and the “me,” the social self, made up of the internalized attitudes of others.
-preparatory stage, imitation of others, an infant merely imitates surrounding people.
-The play stage, pretending to be other people, incorporates role-playing.
-significant others, individuals who are important to the development of self, which meant you thought about how they wanted you to behave
-The game stage, taking the role of multiple people at one time, normally occurs before the age of 10.
-generalized other, the process of internalizing societal norms and expectations.
4.1.3
-Charles Horton Cooley (1864–1929) described this process as the looking-glass self, the process of imagining the reaction of others toward oneself
4.2.1
-agents of socialization, individuals, groups, and institutions that influence the attitudes and behaviors of members of society
+ agent, the media has probably influenced what you wear, the television shows you watch, the music you listen to, and the products you buy.
-social learning theory, the process of learning from one another in a social context as a result of observation and imitation. Developed by Albert Bandura
-child hanging around the wrong friends and caving into negative pressure from peer groups, social groups consisting of members with similar interests, social rank, and ages.
-Popular adolescents are labeled as high-status youth, those who are viewed as being popular among peers.
4.2.2
-hidden curriculum, the unintentional education of students in the ideals and ways of being in society. This hidden curriculum may have even influenced your college major.
-According to McCrory Calarco (2014), working-class parents encourage their children to not ask teachers for help in class
4.2.3
– digital natives, individuals born after the widespread adoption of technology, are those individuals who have always experienced a digital world.
– your authors are digital immigrants, individuals born before the widespread adoption of technology. They did not grow up with current technologies and have had to learn and adapt to technology and social media later in life
4.2.4
– Each religion also socializes its adherents through its moral code of conduct.
-U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Healthy Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010, aim to empower children and youth to make healthy choices.
4.3.1
-feral children, children who are isolated and neglected such that they are raised without socialization.
– The social class of the parents plays a key role in the socialization of children.
-The gender of the child can also play a role in how a family socializes their children.
4.3.2
-Television viewing has also been found to impact children’s sleep quality negatively
-Teens don’t value face-to-face communication with friends as much as they used to, as only 32 percent in 2018 stated communicating in person was their favorite way to communicate, compared to 49 percent in 2012
-research shows that children who are heavy media users have lower grades in school and lower levels of personal contentment
4.3.3
– Problems arise when a religion becomes a total institution, an isolated group with strict rules and regulations whose goal is to control every aspect of its members’ lives.
-if the religion requires resocialization, an identity transformation in which social norms and roles are altered or replaced, other problems may develop.
-Recruits who have accidentally or intentionally done something wrong are often confronted with a type of public punishment or humiliation that sociologists call a degradation ceremony, an event, ceremony, or rite of passage used to break down people and make them more accepting of a total institution.
-anticipatory socialization, the process of learning different behaviors or activities in an effort to aspire to group membership.
-rite of passage, a ceremony or ritual used to mark a change in age or social status, and the start of their military career.
-Functionalist Theory: Each of the agents, such as the family, peers, and the media, serve a function in the process of socialization. An agent can also create dysfunction in society.
-Conflict Theory: The social problems that occur with socialization often involve a struggle between those with power and those without power. This imbalance of power leaves individuals vulnerable to abuse from the more powerful in a group or society.
-Symbolic Interactionism: The family significantly impacts the process of socialization of children. Do you know parents who are extremely encouraging and supportive of their children? Do you know others who are negative or constantly nagging?
4.4.1
-dramaturgy, the theory that we are all actors on the stage of life, and as such, we divide our world based on what we do and do not let the others see of us
-Individuals (actors) manage their language, gestures, and clothes to manage impressions.
-front stage, a person’s public life that they reveal to the world.
-In juxtaposition, we try not to let the world see our backstage, a person’s private world that they choose not to reveal
-He contends that the theory has a third component, the notion of impression management, an effort to control the impression others have of us.
4.4.2
– front stage (public) and backstage (private).
-Anthropologist Edward Hall addressed the issue of personal space with his work on Proxemic Theory (Brown 2011). His research involved studying distance zones, the amount of space we are socialized to feel comfortable having between ourselves and others
- Intimate (0–18 inches): reserved for people who know you really well, such as your significant other, family, and close friends.
- Personal (18 inches–4 feet): reserved for less intimate social interactions like student and teacher, or therapist and patient.
- Social (4–12 feet): reserved for casual acquaintances and strangers.
- Public (12 feet and beyond): reserved for impersonal interactions like those involving public speakers and stage performances.
– Sixty- two percent of teens do apply privacy settings on social media sites to restrict access to their friends and families. In addition, 55 percent report censoring what they post for fear of how it may reflect on them in the future in areas such as college and job applications
4.5.1
– life course perspective, refers to a series of social changes that a person experiences over the course of their lifetime.
– Young Adulthood, This life stage covers ages 17 to 29. For some, it involves extended education, and for others, adult, family, and work responsibility. This stage is about increased levels of independence and eventually stepping out on your own.
4.5.2
-Newport 2014 study on technology use by age range
+18 to 29-year-olds sent or read text messages (\”a lot the previous day\”) significantly more than all other age groups.
+Less than 3 percent of respondents over 30 years old used Twitter (\”a lot the previous day\”).