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Chapter 5: Social Interaction

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social interactioninterpersonal relationships between two or more persons 

social context, the environment of the interaction.

definition of the situationan individual’s interpretation of the social setting

social construction of realityan individual’s perceptions of one’s social world as determined or influenced by social interactions.

social attributionan explanation of how others appear, behave, or are motivated

fundamental attribution errorthe bias of attributing our behavior to our circumstances and others’ behavior to their character.

Ethnomethodologythe study of people’s methods as it relates to the formation of society

breachingpurposely violating social norms to examine an individual’s reactions.

Erving Goffman (1922-1982) developed his study of symbolic interaction in the form of dramaturgical analysis termed dramaturgythe theory that we are all actors on the stage of life and we divide our world based on what we let others see or not see of us

face workthe efforts exerted by both actors during an interaction to get through unanticipated events without casting an undesirable light or disrupting the relationship of the participants

social exchangethe process by which social decisions are based on perceived costs and benefits.

Social statusan individual’s position or rank within a social system

status setthe collection of statuses held at one time,

Ascribed statusassigned social status based on characteristics such as sex, race, and age

Achieved statusearned social status based on merit

master statusthe social position central to your identity

Status symbolsmaterial signals that are meant to convey a message to others about an individual’s social position

conspicuous consumptionthe public display of lavish and wasteful spending to enhance one’s social status

social rolesexpected patterns of behaviors for specific statuses and positions

role setthe complement of role-relationships within a single status

Role strainincompatible demands, and expectations within a single role

role conflictcompeting demands resulting from two or more statuses

role exitthe process of disengaging from significant roles

role attachmentemotional intensity associated with the role

social institutionsorganizational systems that link individuals to the larger society

Social groupstwo or more individuals connected by common bonds and shared social relations

primary groupssmall-scale, intimate face-to-face long-lasting associations

secondary groupslarge-scale, impersonal, task-focused, and time-limited associations 

social networksgroups of individuals and organizations that are connected to one another.

feeling rulesnorms about which emotions are appropriate to display in a given situation

emotion labora worker’s regulation of personal feelings in an effort to set an emotional tone for customers in a business setting

technologytools created by science to address and solve the problems of humankind

Thomas theoremthe idea that if we think something is real, then it is indeed real to us