Notes:
8.1
Social Class: A category of people with similar status, culture, and wealth
class consciousness: an awareness of one\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\’s social category within a social hierarchy
social status: individuals position or rank within social sysyem
social stratification: sysytem in which categories of people are ranked in a hiearchy
socioeconomic status (SES): individuals social position based on education, occupation, income, and place of residence
work wise
blue-colllar: manual labor
pink-collar: female dominated jobs with low pay
white-collar: salaried professional position (lawyers, accountants)
8.2
social inequality: system that unequally rewards individuals based on charactersitcs
Systems of stratification
open systems: social systems that encourage and allow for social mobility
closed systems: social systems that do not allow for social mobility.
1. slavery system: closed stratified system in which slaves and owners exist.
2. caste system: closed stratification system in which people are designated to a particular social position based on their parents\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\’ social status
3. Estate system: closed stratified system in which wealthy landowners and peasants exist.
4. Class system: open stratified system that allows for social mobility
ascribed status: position that is assigned based on characteristics
triple oppression: combined characteristics of being a woman, minority, and poor ~term for women of color who are impoverished
achieved status: position that is gained through merit
American dream: commonly held belief suggesting anyone can overcome obstacles and get ahead in life through hard work and determination in U.S.
8.3
sociual reproduction: process of children remaining in the same social class through inter generational transmission of various types of capital
absolute poverty: threshold of individual does not have enough resources to meet their basic survival needs
relative poverty: individual or family experiences deprived lifestyle
modernization theory: macro theory indicating the process by which nations progress through stages of development
dependency theory: macro theory indicating the stratified world economic system keeps peripheral nations dependent on core nations
world system: any historical social system of interdependent parts that form a bonded structure and operate according to distinct rules
8.4
social mobility: individual\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\’s or group\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\’s movement up or down the system of stratification in society
life chances: opportunities and resources a person has at their disposal to improve their quality of life
cultural capital: information, knowledge, and ideas people use to support their social mobility
social capital: social networks that people can use to enhance their societal position.
digital divide: access to and ability to use technology like computers and the internet
Ups and Downs of stratification
vertical mobility:up or down the system of stratification
Horizontal mobility: movement within a layer of the system of stratification
intra-generational mobility: an individuals change in status during a lifetime
inter-generational mobility: individuals change in social status that results from mobility on a generational level
structural mobility: changes in the social position of a group that result form shifts in the larger society
8.5
Global Inequality: stratification that exists between people living in different nations.
UN programs for improving lives of global citizens
-Unityed Nations Internation Children\\\’s Emergency Fund (UNICEF): helps women and children with vaccination intitivates, clean water and good hygiene programs and child soliders\\\’ rehabilityation
World Food Program (WFP): largest food assistance program globally to eliminate hunger and malnutrition worldwide
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR): care and protection for over 20 million refugees in 116 countries globally