Class consciousness: an awareness on the social category within a social category that one falls into
Social stratification: A system in which categories of people are ranked in a hierarchy
Achieved status: a position in a social system that is gained through merit
Blue-collar worker: a person who does manual labor
Pink-collar worker: someone who works in female-dominated jobs with low pay
White-collar worker: someone employed in a salaried professional, managerial, or administrative position
Open systems: social systems that encourage and allow for social mobility
Closed systems: social systems that do not allow for social mobility
Ascribed status: a position in a social system that is assigned based on characteristics such as race, sex, or classÂ
Triple oppression: combined characteristics of being a woman, minority, and poor
Social reproduction: the process of children remaining in the same social class through intergenerational transmission of various types of capital
Absolute poverty: a threshold in which an individual does not have enough resources to meet their basic survival needs
Relative poverty: a subjective level at which an individual or family experiences a deprived lifestyle
Modernization theory: a macro theory indicating the process by which nations progress through stages of development
Dependency theory: a macro theory indicating the stratified world economic system keeps peripheral nations dependent on core nations
World-system: any historical social system of interdependent parts that form a bonded structure and operate according to distinct rules
Wealth gap: the uneven distribution of financial assets and resources in a society that results from the concentration of money in the hands of a small segment of the population
Horizontal mobility moves people to different jobs within the same social class. Vertical mobility moves people to different social classes.
Intragenerational mobility is a change in status during a lifetime. Intergenerational mobility is a change in social status that results from mobility on a generational level, like being the first to graduate college.
Structural mobility: changes in the social position of a group that result from shifts in the larger society.
Global inequality: the stratification that exists between people living in different nations.