Notes:positivism- Authentic and valid knowledge of the social world is found only through scientific and empirical pursuit.
German, Frenchman, American and diff views when they look down at the courtyard. Represents macro and micro sociology.
Macro: a level of analysis focusing on social systems and populations on a large scale.
Micro: level of analysis focusing on individuals and small groups within the larger social system.
the proletariat, the majority, who were the poor, property-less industrial working class, and the land and business owners referred to as the bourgeoisie, the small minority who were the wealthy class
German: Conflict theory, a sociological perspective emphasizing the role of political and economic power and opression as contributing to the existing social order.
French: functionalist theory, macro view of how the parts of society serve to maintain stability.
manifest functions, intentional and formally sanctioned functions of social institutions and society.
Latent functions, unintentional and informally sanctioned functions of social institutions and society,
dysfunction, the undesirable disruptions of social patterns resulting in negative consequences within society
American: socialized self, which states that the self cannot develop apart from society (you are who you are due to your social interactions and environment.)
symbolic interaction, a micro view of how society is the product of interactions between people, which occur via symbols that have distinct meanings
social facts — social patterns that are external to individuals and greatly influence our way of thinking and behaving in society.
verstehen an empathetic approach to understanding human behavior. Understanding or interpretation
rationalization of society, the replacement of traditional values and personal connections with bureaucracy, efficiency, and a means-end approach
- organizes behaviors of large groups of people
- capable of coercing individuals and groups
- provides norms, rules, and practices
- assigns roles and powers to individuals and groups
- encompasses large geographical areas
government is spread out geographically. Therefore, the government meets the criteria of a social structure.
- measuring objective conditions — the scope of a problem
measuring subjective concerns — people’s feelings about a problem
human trafficking, a situation in which a person is smuggled, abused, and forced to work against their will for the economic gain of another.
Fair Trade, an organizational movement and certification process to help producers in developing countries receive a fair price for their products with the goals of reducing poverty, providing for the ethical treatment of workers and farmers, and promoting environmentally sustainable practices.
sustainability, the idea that current and future generations should have equal or greater access to social, economic, and environmental resources
sustainable development, development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs, by offering more social resources for the marginalized growers and producers.
social inequality, the unequal distribution of power, property, or prestige in society.