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Connecting Sociology and YOU!

Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity

racea socially constructed category of people based on real or perceived physical differences.

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originthe heritage, nationality group, lineage, or country of birth of the person or their ancestors before their arrival in the United States.

stereotypesgeneralized opinions, and impressions of individuals, groups, or social classes 

cultural appropriationwhen members of a majority group adopt cultural elements of a minority group in stereotypical, exploitative, or disrespectful ways,

stereotype threata concern experienced when one feels at risk of confirming the inferiority or negative characteristics of one’s group

Racial prejudicea preconceived judgment or opinion of other people and races that leads to preferring one kind of person over another 

discriminationunfair or differential treatment of individuals and groups

redliningthe practice of arbitrarily denying, limiting, or charging more for financial services, insurance, or access to healthcare to specific neighborhoods, based on racial and economic issues.

microaggressionswords, and deeds that negatively impact marginalized individuals, groups, or communities

 

Racismthe belief that one race is superior to others resulting in unequal or demoralizing treatment of other races

institutional racismsocietal patterns that produce negative treatment against groups of people based on their race.

racial colorblindnessthe idea that ignoring or overlooking racial and ethnic differences promotes racial harmony 

Due to the amount of revenue high-profile sports teams generate and the high salaries of sports celebrities, teams and athletes are protected and insulated from discrimination and racism.

This is a myth. 

diversitythe recognition and respect of the different attributes of races and ethnicities

pluralismmaintaining social equality and distinct cultural characteristics within and among races and ethnicities

assimilationthe process in which minority groups lose their distinct cultural characteristics and are absorbed into the dominant group.

  • Traditionalists: High degree of ethnic consciousness, live in Korean enclaves, and speak only Korean.
  • Integrationists: Detached from the Korean community and attempt to live as White Americans.
  • Isolationists: Unable to live as Korean or American in the U.S. and return to Korea.
  • Pluralists: Limited social assimilation, preferring to identify as Korean and American.

majority groupa group that controls the economic, social, and political power and resources,

minority groupa disadvantaged group with significantly less economic, social, and political power and resources,

majority-minoritywhen a population or district consists of over 50 percent minorities 

white privilegean invisible package of unearned assets held by Whites

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

segregationthe separation of groups based on differences such as ethnicity, gender, race, social class or religion (HP), desegregationthe elimination of the policy of segregation by legal and social means, and affirmative actionpolicies designed to promote educational and job opportunities for minorities and women, in higher education. The American school system has been legally desegregated since the 1954 Supreme Court ruling of Brown v. Board of Education, but de facto segregationsegregation that happens “by fact,” rather than a requirement,

model (or ideal) minority groupan ethnic group that is more academically, economically, and socially successful than other racial minority groups,

internal colonialismthe exploitation of a society’s minority group by its dominant group

apartheidpolicies, regulations, and laws implemented by a government to keep racial and ethnic groups separate

Population transfer (HP), the involuntary relocation of a minority group by a dominant group,

indirect population transferwhen the minority group population chooses to leave a location.

direct population transferwhen the dominant group makes a minority group population leave a location by force.

genocidethe systematic killing of one group based on differences in race, ethnicity, religion, etc.

hate crimecriminal behavior directed at individuals or groups based on race, ethnicity, disability, gender identity, sexual orientation, or religion 

implicit biasunconsciously held attitudes, beliefs, and stereotypes about others.

glass ceilingsocial and legal barriers designed to prevent minorities and women from advancing in the workplace

split-labor marketa byproduct of the capitalist system that splits workers along racial and ethnic lines to weaken worker solidarity.

amalgamation, the creation of a new group due to the combination of a minority and a majority group.

The racial groupings currently in use by society are the most accurate ways to categorize people.
This is a myth.
 
contact hypothesis, the idea that prejudice decreases when two groups of equal status come into contact,