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Connecting Sociology and YOU!

Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity

Notes:

10.1

race: socially constructed category of people based on real or perceived physical differences

ethnicity:social and cultural characteristics that set apart one group of people from another

origin:  heritage, nationality group, lineage, or country of birth of the person or their ancestors

stereotypes: generalized opinions, and impressions of individuals, groups, or social classes

cultural appropriation: when members of a majority group adopt cultural elements of a minority group in stereotypical, exploitative, or disrespectful ways.

sterotype threat: concern experinced when one feels at risk of confirming the inferiority or negative characteristics of one\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\’s group

racial prejudice: preconceived judgment or opinion of other people and races that leads to preferring one kind of person over another. 

discrimination: unfair or differential treatment of individuals and groups

redlining: practice of arbitrarily denying, limiting, or charging more for financial services, insurance, or access to healthcare to specific neighborhoods, based on racial and economic issues. 

institutional racism: societal patterns that produce negative treatment against groups of people based on their race. 

racial colorblindness: idea that ignoring or overlooking racial and ethnic differences promotes racial harmony. 

pluralism: maintaining social equality and distinct cultural characteristics within and among races and ethnicities

assimilation: process in which minority groups lose their distinct cultural characteristics that are absorbed into the dominant group. 

10.2 

majority group: group that controls the economic, social, and political power and resources

minority group|: disadvantaged group with significantly less economic, social, and political power and resources

segregation: seperation of groups based on differences such as ethnicity, gender, race, social class, or religion

desegregation: elimination of the policy of segregation by legal and social means

affirmative action: policies designed to promote educational and job opportunities for minorities and women

de facto segregation: segregation that happens by fact rather than a requirement

Asian American stereotype is model minority group, ethnic group that is more academically, economically, and socially successful than other racial minority groups. 

10.3

internal colonialism: exploitation of a society\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\’s minority group by its dominant group

apartheid: policies, regulations, and laws implemented by a government to keep racial ethnic group separate. 

population transfer: involuntary relocation of a minority group by a dominant group

indirect population transfer: when the minority group population chooses to leave a location.

direct population transfer: when the dominant group makes a minority group population leave a location by force

genocide: systematic killing of one group based on differences in race, ethnicity, religion

10.4 

hate crime: criminal behavior directed at individuals or groups based on race, ethnicity, disability, gender, identity, sexual orientation, or religion

implicit bias: unconsciously held attitudes, beliefs and stereotypes about others

glass ceiling: social and legal barriers designed to prevent minorities and women from advancing in the workplace

split-labor market: byproduct of capitalist system that splits workers along racial and ethnic lines to weaken work solidarity

10.5

amalgamation: creation of a new group due to combination of a minority and majority group

contact hypothesis: idea that prejudice decreases when two groups of equal status come into contact