Notes:
Race: a socially constructed category of people based on real or perceived physical differences
Ethnicity: social and cultural characteristics that set apart one group of people from another
Origin: the heritage, nationality group, lineage, or county of birth of the person or their ancestors before their arrival in the united states
Sterotypes: generalized opinions, and impressions of individual, groups, or social classes
Cultural appropriation: when members of a majority group adopt cultural elements of a minority group in stereotypical, exploitative or disrespectful ways
Sterotype threat: a concern experienced when one feels at risk of confirming the inferiority or negative characteristics of one’s group
Prejudice: a preconceived judgement or opinion of other people and races that leads to preferring one kind of person over another
Discrimination: unfair or differential treatment of individuals and groups
Redlining: the practice of arbitrarily denying, limiting, or charging more for financial services, insurance or access to healthcare to specific neighborhoods, based on racial and economic issues
Mircroaggressions: words, and deeds that negatively impact marginalized individual, groups or communities
Racism: the belief that one race is superior to others resulting in unequal or demoralizing treatment of other races
Institutional racism: societal patterns that produce negative treatment against groups of people based on their race
Racial blindness: the idea that ignoring or overlooking racial and ethnic differences promotes racial harmony
Diversity: the recognition and respect of the difference attributes of races and ethnicities
Pluralism: maintaining social equality and distance cultural characteristics within and among races and ethnicities
Assimilation: the process in which minority groups lose their distinct cultural characteristics and are absorbed into the dominant group
Majority group: a group that controls the economic, social and political power and resources
Minority groups: a disadvantaged group with significantly less economic, social and political power and resources
Majority-minority: when a population or district consist of over 50 percent minorities
White privilege: an invisible package of unearned assets held by whites
Segregation: the separation of groups based on differences such as ethnicity, gender, race, social classes or religion
Desegregation: the elimination of the policy of segregation by legal and social means
Affirmative action: polices designed to promote educational and job opportunities for minorities and women
De facto segregation: segregation that happens “by fact” rather than a requirement
Model (or ideal) minority group: an ethnic group that is more academically, economically, and socially successful than other racial minority groups
Institutional discrimination: the use of social institutions to deny minority group members access to the benefits of society
Population transfer: the involuntary relocation of a minority group by a dominant group
Indirect population transfer: when the minority group population chooses to leave a location
Direct population transfer: when the dominant group makes a minority group population leave a location by force
Genocide: the systematic killing of one group based on differences in race, ethnicity, religion, etc
Hate crime: criminal behavior directed at individuals or groups based on race, ethnicity, disability, gender identity, sexual orientation, or religion
Implicit bias: unconsciously held attitudes, beliefs and stereotypes about others
Glass ceiling: social and legal barriers designed to prevent minorities and women from advancing in the workplace
Split labor market: a byproduct of the capitalist system that splits workers along racial and ethnic lines to weaken worker solidarity
Amalgamation: the creation of a new group due to the combination of a minority and majority group
Contact hypothesis: the idea that prejudice decreases when two groups of equal status come into contact