Notes:Auguste Comte (1798-1857) developed the concept of sociology based on the methods used in the physical sciences. Comte sought to understand society to provide solutions to the social, political, and moral issues that surfaced after the French Revolution
American Sociological Association (ASA), a national organization for sociologists dedicated to advancing sociology as a scientific discipline and profession serving the public good
This step requires more than just an internet search, as you are looking for academic sources that have undergone peer review, a process by which research is evaluated by a group of experts in the specific subject area.
a hypothesis, an educated guess about a relationship between two or more situations, events, or factors
hen developing the hypotheses, the independent variable, a factor that causes a change in another variable, and the dependent variable, a factor that is changed by another variable,
validity, the extent that the study measures what it claims to measure,
operational definition, a clear, concise, and observable measure of the variable, of the term “bullying” s
reliability, the extent to which a study yields the same result in repeated studies
a quantitative research design, data collection that focuses on exploring correlations by using systematic, numerical, and other objective measures to generalize across groups of people (HP), or a qualitative research design, data collection using interviews, fieldwork, observation, photos, text, and other subjective measures (HP)
representative sample, a subset of the population whose characteristics accurately reflect those of the larger population from which it is drawn.
Institutional Review Board (IRB), a committee that reviews research proposals to protect the rights and welfare of human participants in research (HP)
informed consent, a signed statement by participants indicating full knowledge of the risks involved, and acknowledgment of the procedures to withdraw from the study at any time willingly,
Anonymity, concealing the identities of participants within the research project, and confidentiality, guarding who has the right of access to the data provided by the participants,
| Quantitative Methods | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|
| Secondary Analysis | Existing data is plentiful and study can be conducted quickly | Available data may not fit research questions |
| Surveys | Cost-effective and convenient | Inflexible design and potential low response rate |
| Experiments | More control over design and stronger validity and reliability | Inability to generalize data |
| Longitudinal Studies | Provides broad and detailed data | Expensive and requires a multi-year commitment |