Notes:
agents of socialization, individuals, groups, and institutions that influence the attitudes and behaviors of members of society
peer groups, social groups consisting of members with similar interests, social rank, and ages.
high-status youth, those who are viewed as being popular among peers
socialization, the process by which individuals learn the appropriate attitudes and behaviors within a culture
self, an individual’s nature and identity resulting from reflections on social interactions
“I,” the unsocialized or acting self, made up of personal desires and needs
“me,” the social self, made up of the internalized attitudes of others
preparatory stage, imitation of others,
play stage, pretending to be other people
significant others, individuals who are important to the development of self,
generalized other, the process of internalizing societal norms and expectations
Looking-glass self, the process of imagining the reaction of others toward oneself
Mead and Cooley stress that the socialized self is socially constructed through day-to-day interactions and conclude that socialization occurs at the unconscious level. Cooley’s looking-glass self is easier to personally analyze and apply than the “I” and the “me” because it is more difficult to objectively separate the “I” and “me” within everyday interactions. The looking-glass self is more self-evident within interactions and focuses specifically on the self in self-perception and self-esteem.
agents of socialization, individuals, groups, and institutions that influence the attitudes and behaviors of members of society
social learning theory, the process of learning from one another in a social context as a result of observation and imitation
peer groups, social groups consisting of members with similar interests, social rank, and ages.
high-status youth, those who are viewed as being popular among peers
digital natives, individuals born after the widespread adoption of technology,
feral children, children who are isolated and neglected such that they are raised without socialization
total institution, an isolated group with strict rules and regulations whose goal is to control every aspect of its members’ lives
resocialization, an identity transformation in which social norms and roles are altered or replaced,
degradation ceremony, an event, ceremony, or rite of passage used to break down people and make them more accepting of a total institution
anticipatory socialization, the process of learning different behaviors or activities in an effort to aspire to group membership
rite of passage, a ceremony or ritual used to mark a change in age or social status
dramaturgy, the theory that we are all actors on the stage of life, and as such, we divide our world based on what we do and do not let the others see of us
backstage, a person’s private world that they choose not to reveal
impression management, an effort to control the impression others have of us
distance zones, the amount of space we are socialized to feel comfortable having between ourselves and others
life course perspective, refers to a series of social changes that a person experiences over the course of their lifetime