Second shift: the unpaid childcare and household responsibilities completed by women that are in addition to their paid work in the labor force.
Glass escalator: Men in female-dominated careers rise faster than women in male-dominated careers.
Glass ceiling: social and legal barriers designed to prevent minorities and women from advancing in the workplace. Stained-glass ceiling is the same, but for religious organizations.
Structural barriers related to gender include unequal educational opportunities, stereotyping, bias, prejudice, and lack of consistent government monitoring. Corporate barriers related to gender include climates that alienate and isolate women, special or different standards for performance evaluation, and counterproductive behavior and harassment by colleagues.
quid pro quo: sexual harassment that involves expressed or implied demands by an employer or supervisor for sexual favors in exchange for some benefit such as a promotion, raise, or preferential treatment.
Hostile environment: an intimidating, hostile, or offensive working environment due to unwelcome verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature.
Honor killing is the killing of a family female family member for the perceived shame she has brought onto the family. They are not limited to Middle East or Muslim culture.
Heterosexism: prejudice, or discriminatory attitudes and behaviors against homosexuals and homosexuality.
In 2011, Nepal became the first nation to legally recognize a third gender.
Berdache, AKA two-spirits: Men or women who identified with the gender roles of the opposite sex and lived not only gender non-conforming but also as respected members of the society, present in 150 Native American tribes.
Hijras: Members of the third gender in India and Pakistan, recorded in history for 4,000 years.
Bacha posh is in Afghanistan, when parents with many daughters and no sons raise one of their daughters as a boy until a boy is born or until she reaches puberty.
Mens rights movement tries to gain equality for men in the household, but is often used against the feminism movement.
First wave of Feminism from 1848 to 1960 aimed to bring equality to women by giving them more social and political opportunities. They talked about the Cult of Domesticity, which wanted women to be submissive. they gained the right to vote in the U.S. in 1920 with the 19th amendment.
The second wave of feminism from 1960s to 1990s focused on sexuality and reproductive rights. It was supported by the Civil Rights Act in 1964, the Voting Rights Act in 1965, title IX in 1972, and Roe vs. Wade in 1973.
The third wave of Feminism from the 1990s to the present focuses on the experiences of minority women that were overlooked. Sociologist Patricia Hill Collins introduced a theory based on the Matrix of Domination, the idea that oppression is multifaceted, and that they can experience more discrimination because of being in multiple marginalized groups at once.
So-called feminine things were sometimes criticized for supporting male domination, but people in the current movement support it. Now, there is no one way to be a woman.
Mens movement focuses on the implications of masculinity. It has one faction for feminism and one against it. Now, it contends that men are increasingly disadvantaged because of assumptions that men have more advantages, even in cases that they do not. They feel that women are favored in laws about child custody, education, domestic violence, rape, and reproductive rights.