Socialization: The process by which individuals learn the appropriate attitudes and behaviors within a culture.
Mead divided the self into
I: unsocialized acting self with personal desires and needs
me: social self with internalized attitudes of others
Stages of developing the social self:
Preparatory stage: imitation of others, infancy
Play stage: pretending to be other people, like role-playing, the first time kids show their development of self
Game stage: taking the role of multiple people at one time, labeled as the generalized other (the process of internalizing societal norms and expectations)
The generalized other: the process of internalizing societal norms and expectations.
Looking-glass self: the process of imagining the reaction of others toward oneself, described by Charles Horton Cooley.
Agents of socialization: individuals, groups, and institutions that influence the attitudes and behaviors of members of society. Includes family, peers, school, media, religion, work, and government.
Social learning theory: the process of learning from one another in a social context as a result of observation and imitation, developed by Albert Bandura.
Peer groups: social groups consisting of members with similar interests, social rank, and ages.
High-status youth: those who are viewed as being popular among peers.
Middle class parents encourage their kids to ask their teachers for help, while lower class parents encourage their kids to work out problems on their own.
Hidden curriculum: the unintentional education of students in the ideals and ways of being in society.
Socialization causes less women to pursue STEM degrees. They often excel in STEM classes but do not choose the fields.
Digital natives: individuals born after the widespread adoption of technology, 1990s or later.
Digital immigrants: individuals born before the widespread adoption of technology.
Neuroplasticity: neural brain activity.
Total institution: An isolated group with strict rules and regulations whose goal is to control every aspect of its members\\\’ lives. Examples include the military.
Resocialization: an identity transformation in which social norms and roles are altered or replaced. Can be done by churches, prisons, convents, and the military.
Degradation ceremony: an event, ceremony, or rite of passage used to break down people and make them more accepting of a total institution. Used by the military and other total institutions.
Anticipatory socialization: the process of learning different behaviors or activities in an effort to aspire to group membership.
Many agents serve in the process of socialization and functionalist theory shows that the agents can also cause dysfunction.
Conflict theory focuses on those with power dominating socialization to fit their desires.
Symbolic interactionism focuses on how the family impacts socialization of children.
Dramaturgy: The theory that we are all actors on the stage of life, and as such, we divide our world based on what we do and do not let the others see of us. Goffman\’s theory.
Front stage: a part of Goffman\’s theory; a person\’s public life that they reveal to the world.
Backstage: a person\’s private world that they choose not to reveal.
Impression management: an effort to control the impression others have of us.